GreatShip

Estate Agent Finchley

2006-07-26T06:50:00.000-07:00

Lets Go has been an established Estate Agent Finchley since 1994 specializing in Lettings, Management and Sales.Our offices are in the heart of North Finchley enabling us to focus on our main areas where we have unrivalled local knowledge and specialise in property for sale Finchley,North, East, West and Central Finchley, property for sale North Hendon, property for sale North Whetstone, property for sale Golders Green and property for sale Woodford Park. We also cover property for sale Barnet

James Hull Cosmetic cosmetic dentistry

2006-07-18T07:50:00.000-07:00

Having recently moved to Birmingham and being completely passionate about my James Hull Cosmetic dental hygiene I was very pleased to find when searching online that there is a James Hull Dentists in Birmingham
. After booking my appointment my Dental Consultant offer me a range of treatments from Braces, Dental Veneers, cosmetic dentistry to Teeth Whitening. I overlooked the cosmetic dentistry but had the teeth whitening treatment which was has a new laser teeth whitening technology which is apparently the first in Birmingham. James Hull Dentists in Birmingham are centrally located and are without a doubt the best Cosmetic Dentists in Birmingham has to offer.

Durango

2005-11-18T19:40:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1881) of La Plata county, southwestern Colorado, U.S., on the Animas River in the foothills of the La Plata Mountains at an elevation of 6,505 feet (1,983 metres). Founded in 1880 during a mining boom by the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, it was named for Durango, Mexico. It developed as a shipping point for farm produce (including livestock) and local natural resources (timber,

Port-royal

2005-10-16T16:35:00.000-07:00

In 1609 the young abbess Jacqueline-Marie-Angélique Arnauld began a much-needed reform. In 1625–26, because

Caraway

2005-07-27T19:15:00.000-07:00

The dried fruit, commonly called seed, of Carum carvi, a biennial herb of the parsley family (Apiaceae, or Umbelliferae), native to Europe and western Asia and cultivated since ancient times. Caraway has a distinctive aroma reminiscent of anise and a warm, slightly sharp taste. It is used as a seasoning in meat dishes, breads, and cheese and in such vegetables as sauerkraut

Bulgarian Language

2005-07-23T13:20:00.000-07:00

Bulgarian Bulgarski ezik South Slavic language written in the Cyrillic alphabet and spoken in Bulgaria and parts of Greece, Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine. Together with Macedonian, to which it is most closely related, Bulgarian contrasts sharply with the other Slavic languages in its almost complete loss of case declension in the noun and in its use of certain grammatical features found

Tibet, Industry

2005-07-08T10:40:00.000-07:00

Before the 1950s Tibet had no modern industries. There were small handicraft centres that were owned either individually or collectively and that produced scroll paintings, metal images, wooden block prints, and religious images. For these crafts, the lag-shes-pa, or craftsmen, had to be well versed in literature and mathematics. There were also carpet weavers, tanners,

Minamoto Yoritomo

2005-07-06T15:05:00.000-07:00

Defying the emperor, Yoritomo established shugo (constables) and jito (district stewards) throughout the Japanese provinces, thus undermining the central government's local administrative power, and in 1192 he acquired the title of supreme commander (shogun) over

Osa Peninsula

2005-06-30T16:55:00.000-07:00

Spanish Península de Osa peninsula, southern Costa Rica, bounded on the northwest by Coronado Bay, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Gulf of Dulce. Costa Rica's second largest peninsula, Osa measures about 20 miles (30 km) northeast-southwest and about 35 miles (55 km) northwest-southeast. The generally low-lying terrain, rising to an elevation of 2,566 feet (782 m) at Tigre Hill, is used for livestock

Tseng-tzu

2005-06-22T23:20:00.000-07:00

Tseng-tzu was highly influential in reaffirming the Confucian emphasis on the virtue of hsiao

Interior Design, Lighting

2005-06-16T08:30:00.000-07:00

Light is one of the key elements of interior design. Most interior spaces constructed in the 20th century are used as much with artificial light as with daylight; because of this lighting has become a very significant tool for the interior designer. There are three major aspects to lighting: function, aesthetics, and health. The latter factor is often ignored, but insufficient

Schenectady

2005-06-03T17:15:00.000-07:00

Local Mohawk Indians were involved in the

Furniture, The American colonies

2005-06-01T00:05:00.000-07:00

While the Southern planter still depended largely upon London for his fine furnishings, the

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand

2005-05-18T03:10:00.000-07:00

Gandhi took his studies seriously and tried to brush up on his English and Latin by taking the London University matriculation examination. But, during the three years he spent in England, his main preoccupation was with personal and moral issues rather than with academic ambitions. The transition from the half-rural atmosphere of Rajkot to the cosmopolitan life

Ford, Richard

2005-05-16T08:30:00.000-07:00

Ford attended Michigan State University (B.A., 1966), Washington University Law School, and the University of California, Irvine (M.A., 1970), and subsequently taught at several American colleges and universities. His first novel, A Piece of My Heart (1976), is set on an island in the southern Mississippi

Paddle Wheel

2005-05-14T06:20:00.000-07:00

The device is highly efficient and is competitive even

Y��ez, Agust�

2005-03-15T19:18:00.000-08:00

Born in a provincial neighbourhood of Guadalajara, Y��ez was enamoured of its traditions and values. As a young man he was a contributor

Pyrimidine

2005-03-11T08:47:00.000-08:00

Several pyrimidine compounds were isolated between 1837 and 1864, but their structures were not recognized until 1868. Some well-known pyrimidine got together and bought houses in Clerkenwell, SE1. This isn't a bad thing.

Mind you, what could be else, aye?

Yes yes yes indeed.

Indonesia, Justice

2005-03-04T18:34:00.000-08:00

There are four judicial spheres (for general, religious, military, and administrative

Ahmose Ii

2005-03-03T19:05:00.000-08:00

In 570, after Apries' unsuccessful campaign against Cyrene, in modern Libya, the Egyptian lover of booze and such like things, returned from the cosmos with more of this in his mind. He decided to venture into the world of comprehensible fortunes and squandered his wealth on market research. This was good but it found new feet in the later 17th quarter when God infiltrated the infidels.

There is more.... do you wany to hear it?

Cramer, Johann Baptist

2005-03-02T14:56:00.000-08:00

Cramer was taken to England in 1772 by his father. His piano teachers included the noted pianist and composer Muzio Clementi, under whom he developed the

'abdullah I

2005-03-01T23:41:00.000-08:00

'Abdullah, the second son of Husayn ibn 'Ali, the ruler of the Hejaz, was educated in Istanbul in what was then the Ottoman Empire. After the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, he represented Mecca in the Ottoman parliament. Early in 1914 he joined the Arab nationalist movement, which sought independence

Madison, James

2005-02-28T02:17:00.000-08:00

During eight years as Jefferson's secretary of state (1801 - 09), Madison used the words �The President has decided� so regularly that his own role can be discovered only in foreign archives. British diplomats dealing with Madison encountered �asperity of temper and fluency of expression.� Senators John Adair and Nicholas Gilman agreed in 1806 that he �governed the President,� an opinion held also by French minister Louis-Marie Turreau.

General Motors Corporation

2005-02-27T00:46:00.000-08:00

(GM)� American corporation that became the world's largest vehicle manufacturer in 1931 and maintained that status into the 21st century. It also ranks among the world's largest industrial corporations. GM was founded in 1908 to consolidate several motorcar companies and today operates manufacturing and assembly plants and distribution centres throughout the United States

Pietism

2005-02-26T22:37:00.000-08:00

German �Pietismus � influential religious reform movement that began among German Lutherans in the 17th century. It emphasized personal faith against the main Lutheran church's perceived stress on doctrine and theology over Christian living. Pietism quickly spread and later became concerned with social and educational matters. As a phenomenon of personal religious renewal, its

Wilson, Harriet E.

2005-02-25T19:33:00.000-08:00

Almost nothing is known of Wilson's personal history until

France, History Of, Merovingian and Carolingian age

2005-02-24T11:12:00.000-08:00

Comprehensive introductions to the period are found in Margaret Deanesly, A History of Early Medieval Europe, from 476 to 911, 2nd ed. (1960, reissued 1974); Jean Favier (ed.), Histoire de France, 6 vol. (1984 - 88), vol. 1; and Karl Ferdinand Werner, Les Origines (avant l'an mil) (1984). The history of invasions, with the archaeological background, is presented in Lucien Musset, The Germanic Invasions: The Making of Europe, AD 400 - 600 (1975; originally published in French, 1965), and Les Invasions: le second assaut contre l'Europe chr�tienne, VIIe - XIe si�cles, 2nd ed. (1971); and Patrick P�rin and Laure-Charlotte Feffer, Les Francs, 2 vol. (1987). On the Merovingians, see Eugen Ewig, Die Merowinger und das Frankenreich (1988); Bernard S. Bachrach, Merovingian Military Organization, 481 - 751 (1972); and J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Long-Haired Kings and Other Studies in Frankish History (1962, reprinted 1982). For the Carolingians, Louis Halphen, Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire (1977; originally published in French, 1947), remains the classic work. Later scholarship is reflected in Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdoms Under the Carolingians, 751 - 987 (1983); and F.L. Ganshof, The Carolingians and the Frankish Monarchy, trans. from French (1971). Special studies of the civilization of the period include J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Frankish Church (1983); Pierre Rich�, Education and Culture in the Barbarian West, Sixth Through Eighth Centuries (1976; originally published in French, 3rd ed., 1973); Suzanne Fonay Wemple, Women in Frankish Society: Marriage and the Cloister, 500 to 900 (1981); and Ren�e Doehaerd, The Early Middle Ages in the West: Economy and Society (1978; originally published in French, 1971).

T�bessa

2005-02-23T00:28:00.000-08:00

Latin �Theveste� town, northeastern Algeria. It is located 146 miles (235 km) by road south of Annaba and 12 miles (19 km) west of the Tunisian frontier. T�bessa was an outpost of Carthage in the 7th century BC and a Roman garrison town in 146 BC. It declined in the 5th and 6th centuries AD and disappeared from history after the Arab invasion of the 7th century. The Turks stationed a small military garrison there, and, after

Breisgau

2005-02-22T02:57:00.000-08:00

Historic region between the Rhine and the Black Forest in southwestern Germany, now in the South Baden district of the Land (state) Baden-W�rttemberg. It was part of the frontier region of the Roman Empire known as the Agri Decumates; from c. AD 260 it was occupied by the Germanic Alemanni. The Z�hringen family was invested with the countship of Breisgau in the early Middle

China, The Nien Rebellion

2005-02-21T00:26:00.000-08:00

Often in the first half of the 19th century plundering gangs, called nien, ravaged northern Anhwei, southern Shantung, and southern Honan. In mid-century, however, their activities were suddenly intensified, partly by the addition to their numbers of a great many starving people who had lost their livelihood from repeated floods of the Huang Ho in the early 1850s, and partly

Agulhas Current

2005-02-20T07:36:00.000-08:00

Surface oceanic current that is part of the westward-flowing South Equatorial Current, which turns southward along the east coast of Africa and then eastward to join the flow from Africa to Australia. A small part of Agulhas water may, however, continue westward around the Cape of Good Hope into the Atlantic. The Mozambique Current, between Madagascar and Africa,

Object Language

2005-02-19T08:04:00.000-08:00

In semantics and logic, the ordinary language used to talk about things or objects in the world - as contrasted with metalanguage, an artificial language used by linguists and others to analyze or describe the sentences or elements of object language itself. The concept was developed by such 20th-century logical positivists as Polish-American Alfred Tarski and German-American

Panama, Administrative divisions

2005-02-18T04:58:00.000-08:00

The country is divided into nine provincias and four comarcas ind�genas (indigenous sectors) - Kuna Yala (San Blas), Ember� (Ember�-Wounaan), Madungand� (Madugand�), and Ngobe Bugl� (Guaym�). The provincias are divided into distritos municipales (municipal districts), which are subdivided into corregimientos (magistracies). The head of each provincia is the governor, appointed

Environmental Works, Groundwater sources

2005-02-17T09:59:00.000-08:00

The value of an aquifer as a source of groundwater is a function of the porosity of the geologic stratum, or layer, of which it is formed. Water is withdrawn from an aquifer by pumping it out of a well or infiltration gallery. An infiltration gallery typically includes several horizontal perforated pipes radiating outward from the bottom of a large-diameter vertical

Ch�diak-higashi Syndrome

2005-02-16T10:15:00.000-08:00

Persons with Ch�diak-Higashi syndrome experience persistent or recurrent infections. Other symptoms associated with the disease include enlargement of the liver and spleen, partial albinism, and depressed activity

India, Aurangzeb

2005-02-15T01:59:00.000-08:00

The empire under Aurangzeb (ruled 1658 - 1707) experienced further growth but also manifested signs of weakness. For more than a decade, Aurangzeb appeared to be in full control. The Mughals suffered a bit in Assam and Cooch Behar, but they invaded gainfully the Arakanese in southern Myanmar (Burma), captured Chittagong, and added territories in Bikaner, Bundelkhand, Palamau, Assam,

Chelif River

2005-02-14T20:12:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Ch�liff, or Sheliff, � the longest and most important river of Algeria. Its farthest tributary, the Sebgag River, rises in the Amour ranges of the Saharan Atlas Mountains near Aflou. Crossing the Hauts Plateaux for most of the year as a chain of marshes and muddy pools, the river loses most of its water but is replenished by a stream near Chabounia, the Nahr Ouassel River. The Chelif then turns

Rambert, Dame Marie

2005-02-13T04:21:00.000-08:00

A student of �mile Jaques-Dalcroze, the originator of eurhythmics, Rambert was invited in 1913 to teach this technique of rhythmic education to members of Sergey Diaghilev's Ballets Russes; through her

Porcelain Enamelling

2005-02-12T08:26:00.000-08:00

Also called �Vitreous Enamelling, � process of fusing a thin layer of glass to a metal object to prevent corrosion and enhance its beauty. Porcelain-enamelled iron is used extensively for such articles as kitchen pots and pans, bathtubs, refrigerators, chemical and food tanks, and equipment for meat markets. In architecture it serves as facing for buildings. Being a glass, porcelain enamelling has the

Daniell, John Frederic

2005-02-11T03:06:00.000-08:00

In 1820 Daniell invented a dew-point hygrometer (a device that indicates atmospheric humidity), which came into widespread use. In his Meteorological Essays and Observations (1823), Daniell

Ellensburg

2005-02-10T07:39:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1883) of Kittitas county, central Washington, U.S., on the Yakima River, 28 miles (45 km) north of Yakima. The first white man settled there in 1867, and three years later the valley's first trading post, called Robbers Roost, was opened. The community bore that name until 1875, when John Shoudy platted a town site and named it for his wife, Ellen. The building of the Northern Pacific Railway

Fighter Aircraft

2005-02-09T05:13:00.000-08:00

Aircraft designed primarily to secure control of essential airspace by destroying enemy aircraft in combat. The opposition may consist of fighters of equal capability or of bombers carrying protective armament. For such purposes fighters must be capable of the highest possible performance in order to be able to outfly and outmaneuver opposing fighters. Above

Azzone Dei Porci

2005-02-08T21:56:00.000-08:00

Also called �Azzone Soldanus�, Latin �Azolinus Porcius, Azzone� also spelled �Azo� or �Azzo� a leader of the Bolognese school of jurists and one of the few to write systematic summaries (summae) rather than textual glosses of Roman law as codified under the Byzantine emperor Justinian I (6th century AD). His Summa codicis and Apparatus ad codicem together provided a methodical exposition of Roman law and were very influential

Residencia

2005-02-07T16:52:00.000-08:00

In colonial Spanish America, judicial review of an official's acts, conducted at the conclusion of his term of office. Originating in Castile in the early 15th century, it was extended to the government of Spain's colonial empire from the early 16th century. In Spain it was applied mainly to the corregidors (local administrative and judicial officials). In the New World all

Paraguay River

2005-02-06T04:54:00.000-08:00

The source and upper course of the Paraguay River are in Brazil, where it demarcates

Lupus Erythematosus

2005-02-05T06:42:00.000-08:00

Discoid lupus affects only the skin and does not usually involve internal organs. The term discoid refers to a rash of distinct reddened patches covered with grayish brown scales that may appear on the

Biblical Literature, Jewish sects and parties

2005-02-04T00:02:00.000-08:00

From both the New Testament and extrabiblical material the main religious groups or parties in Palestinian Judaism may be discerned. Such descriptions, however, may be somewhat biassed or apologetic. Philo, an Alexandrian Jewish philosopher (died c. AD 40), Josephus, a Jewish apologist to the Romans (died c. 100), and sectarian writings found at Qumran near the Dead Sea in 1947 that date

Szekler

2005-02-03T04:08:00.000-08:00

Hungarian �Sz�kely, � member of a people inhabiting the upper valleys of the Mures and Olt rivers in what was eastern Transylvania and is now Romania. They were estimated to number about 860,000 in the 1970s and are officially recognized as a distinct minority group by the Romanian government. Their origin has been much debated. According to their own tradition, repeated in Procopius' De bello

Cornell, Katharine

2005-02-02T15:56:00.000-08:00

Cornell was the daughter of American parents who were in Berlin at the time of her birth. Later that year the family returned to Buffalo, New York. Her interest in the theatre came naturally - her father was an amateur actor and an associate

African Literature

2005-02-01T13:30:00.000-08:00

The traditional oral and written literatures together with the mainly 20th-century literature written mostly in European languages but also to an increasing extent in the many languages of the sub-Saharan region. Traditional written literature is limited to a smaller geographic area than is oral literature; indeed, it is most characteristic of those sub-Saharan

Cattaraugus

2005-01-31T02:31:00.000-08:00

County, southwestern New York state, U.S., consisting of a ruggedly hilly region bounded by Cattaraugus Creek to the north and Pennsylvania to the south. It is drained by the Allegheny River and Ischua and Great Valley creeks. Surrounding Allegheny Reservoir are Allegany Indian Reservation and Allegany State Park, both of which are the largest of their kind in the

Aerospace Industry, Tertiary systems

2005-01-30T15:21:00.000-08:00

One major group of ground-based support products comprises simulation devices - systems used for training aircraft and spacecraft crews and for research-and-development processes. The simulators built in the largest quantities are chiefly for civil transport aircraft and military fighters and are used to train pilots for operating specific aircraft and

Romans, Letter Of Paul To The

2005-01-29T08:18:00.000-08:00

The longest and doctrinally most significant of St. Paul the Apostle's New Testament writings, probably composed at Corinth in about AD 57; it was addressed to the Christian Church at Rome, whose congregation Paul hoped to visit for the first time on his way to Spain. The letter has been intensely studied since early Christian times and was the basis of Martin Luther's teaching

Reservoir

2005-01-28T23:44:00.000-08:00

Changes in weather cause the natural flow of streams and rivers to vary greatly with time. Periods of excess flows and valley flooding may alternate with low flows or droughts. The role of water-storage reservoirs, therefore,

Breeze

2005-01-27T01:40:00.000-08:00

Air current designation on the Beaufort scale; it is weaker than a wind, which in turn is weaker than a gale. Breeze also denotes various local winds (e.g., sea breeze, land breeze, valley breeze, mountain breeze) generated by unequal diurnal heating and cooling of adjacent areas of the Earth's surface. These breezes are strongest in warm, clear, dry weather, when daytime insolation,

Maxwell, James Clerk

2005-01-26T15:25:00.000-08:00

In 1865 Maxwell resigned his professorship at King's College and retired to the family estate in Glenlair. He continued to visit London every spring and served as external examiner for the Mathematical Tripos (exams) at Cambridge. In the spring and early summer of 1867 he toured Italy. But most of his energy during this period was devoted to writing his famous treatise on electricity

China, Port facilities and shipping

2005-01-25T09:02:00.000-08:00

China's 8,700-mile-long coastline is indented by some 100 large and small bays and has some 20 deepwater harbours, most of which are ice-free throughout the year. Coastal shipping is divided into two principal navigation zones, the northern and southern marine districts. The northern district extends north from Amoy to the North Korean border, with Shanghai as its administrative

Toba, Lake

2005-01-24T17:05:00.000-08:00

Indonesian �Danau Toba� lake in the Barisan Mountains, north-central Sumatra, Indonesia. It covers an area of about 440 square miles (1,140 square km), excluding Samosir Island, which occupies a large part of the lake's centre and which is about 30 miles (50 km) long and 10 miles (15 km) wide. The lake drains east through the Asahan River into the Strait of Malacca; along the Asahan River several major hydroelectric projects

Pitcher, Molly

2005-01-23T06:15:00.000-08:00

Molly Pitcher first enters the historical record in 1778. Her original surname is unknown, though she is thought to have been Irish. Military records indicate that her first husband, William Hays, enlisted as a gunner in a Pennsylvania artillery regiment in 1777. The nickname

Hippodrome

2005-01-22T05:43:00.000-08:00

Ancient Greek stadium designed for horse racing and especially chariot racing. Its Roman counterpart was called a circus and is best represented by the Circus Maximus (q.v.). The typical hippodrome was dug into a hillside and the excavated material used to construct an embankment for supporting seats on the opposite side. In shape the hippodrome was oblong, with one

Minas Basin

2005-01-21T00:40:00.000-08:00

Eastern inlet of the Bay of Fundy, protruding into central Nova Scotia, Canada. Up to 25 mi (40 km) in width and more than 50 mi in length (including its eastern extension, Cobequid Bay), the basin has some of the highest tides in the world; fluctuations exceeding 50 ft (15 m) have been recorded. It is connected to the Bay of Fundy by Minas Channel and receives the drainage of the Avon, Cornwallis,

Jewel Food Stores, Inc.

2005-01-20T14:42:00.000-08:00

The company traced its origins to 1899, when Frank Vernon Skiff and Frank Ross founded the Jewel Tea Company to supply condiments to the Chicago area from horse-drawn wagons. As the automobile gained in importance, the firm moved from wagons

Muravyov, Nikolay Nikolayevich, Count (graf) Amursky

2005-01-19T04:34:00.000-08:00

A lieutenant general in the Russian army, Muravyov was appointed governor-general of eastern Siberia in 1847. Despite the opposition

Arran, James Hamilton, 1st Earl Of

2005-01-18T20:11:00.000-08:00

Arran commanded a naval expedition against England in 1513 but failed lamentably and returned to find his rival, the earl of Angus, supreme at court. He therefore

Boian

2005-01-17T20:14:00.000-08:00

Neolithic culture (c. 7000 BC) centred in what is now southern Romania; it was characterized by terrace settlements, consisting at first of mud huts and later of fortified promontory settlements. The Boian phase was marked by the introduction of copper axes, the extension of agriculture, and the breeding of domestic animals. The distinctive Boian pottery was decorated by

Boian

2005-01-16T20:14:00.000-08:00

Boian

2005-01-15T17:23:00.000-08:00

Roundelay

2005-01-14T14:12:00.000-08:00

A poem with a refrain that recurs frequently or at fixed intervals, as in a rondel. The term is also loosely used to refer to any of the fixed forms of poetry (such as the rondeau, the rondel, and the roundel) that use refrains extensively.

African Hunting Dog

2005-01-12T08:51:00.000-08:00

Also called �Cape Hunting Dog, or Hyena Dog� (Lycaon pictus), wild African carnivore that differs from the rest of the members of the dog family (Canidae) in having only four toes on each foot. Its coat is short, sparse, and irregularly blotched with yellow, black, and white. The African hunting dog is about 76 - 102 cm (30 - 41 inches) long, exclusive of its 31 - 41-centimetre tail, stands about 60 cm (24 inches) at the shoulder, and weighs

Paleography

2005-01-11T05:59:00.000-08:00

Precise boundaries for paleography are hard to define. For example, epigraphy, the study of inscriptions cut on immovable objects for permanent public inspection, is related to paleography. Casual graffiti, sale or election notices as found on the walls

Lord Chancellor

2005-01-09T05:46:00.000-08:00

The office dates back to Edward the Confessor (1042 - 66), who followed the model

Earth, Expansion phase

2005-01-08T07:11:00.000-08:00

The expansion phase is less well understood than the growth phase. Many investigators support the �near-Earth neutral-line� model, but concurrently other explanations have been suggested. In the neutral-line model a localized x-type neutral line is formed inside the plasma sheet somewhere between 20 and 40 Re (earth radii) behind the Earth. Figure 13 (top) shows the topology

Guyot, Arnold Henry

2005-01-07T15:09:00.000-08:00

He studied at the College of Neuch�tel and in Germany, taught at Paris

Sannyasi

2005-01-06T01:03:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �sannyasin�, Sanskrit �Sannyasin (�abandoning,� or �throwing down�)� in Hinduism, a religious ascetic, one who has renounced the world, having achieved the fourth ashrama, or stage, of life. The name sannyasi also specifically designates an ascetic who pays particular allegiance to the god Siva, who is sometimes known as �the great ascetic.� The Saiva ascetics were organized in the 8th century AD by the renowned Hindu teacher Sankara into 10 orders,

Biblical Literature, Philological criticism

2005-01-05T01:18:00.000-08:00

Philological criticism consists mainly in the study of the biblical languages in their widest scope, so that the vocabulary, grammar, and style of the biblical writings can be understood as accurately as possible with the aid not only of other biblical writings but of other writings in the same or cognate languages. New Testament Greek, for example, is a representative

Vulcan

2005-01-04T00:25:00.000-08:00

In Roman religion, god of fire, particularly in its destructive aspects as volcanoes or conflagrations. Poetically, he is given all the attributes of the Greek Hephaestus (q.v.). His worship was very ancient, and at Rome he had his own priest (flamen). His chief festival, the Volcanalia, was held on August 23 and was marked by a rite of unknown significance: the heads of Roman families

Euclidean Geometry, Axioms of congruence

2005-01-03T08:11:00.000-08:00

Five axioms (see Box

Dadu

2005-01-02T08:11:00.000-08:00

Town, Sindh province, southern Pakistan. The town lies just west of the Indus River, about 100 miles (160 km) north-northwest of Hyderabad. A distribution centre, it is connected by road and rail with Hyderabad, Karachi, and Quetta. Dadu has men's and women's government colleges that are affiliated with the University of Sindh. The area in which Dadu is situated is a fertile alluvial

Van

2005-01-01T18:53:00.000-08:00

City, eastern Turkey. It lies on the eastern shore of Lake Van at an altitude of about 5,750 feet (1,750 m). The city lies in an oasis at the foot of a hill crowned by an ancient ruined citadel. A ruined stone building near the foot of the rocky spur bears cuneiform inscriptions dating from the 8th and 7th centuries BC, when Van was the chief centre of the Urartu Kingdom. After the fall of Nineveh

Pre-columbian Civilizations, The Middle Horizon

2004-12-31T06:11:00.000-08:00

Both Pucar� and Tiwanaku were early forms of what became known as the Middle Horizon, an expansion of multiple-valley political rule that had two centres: one in the southern Altiplano, the other centred on Huari (Wari), near the modern Peruvian city of Ayacucho. This development is usually dated about AD 600. Some Tiwanaku effigy vessels have been discovered at Huari, but

Bonstetten, Karl Viktor Von

2004-12-30T07:50:00.000-08:00

Of a conservative and patrician family, Bonstetten for 12 years had to resist being forced into the traditional career of municipal magistrate. Instead he studied Horace and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, traveled abroad, and cultivated friendships in the liberal intellectual

Arts, Central Asian, Neolithic and Metal Age cultures

2004-12-29T21:30:00.000-08:00

Many Neolithic (New Stone Age) sites were discovered in what was formerly Soviet Central Asia, and the number of Bronze Age sites is even higher. The majority were found on the middle reaches of the Yenisey River, especially in the Minusinsk Basin, where metallurgy developed early. They testify to the existence of three main, basically successive, yet often overlapping

Biblical Literature, The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians

2004-12-28T22:03:00.000-08:00

The authenticity of Ephesians as a genuinely Pauline epistle has been doubted since the time of the Dutch Humanist Erasmus in the 16th century. It is most reasonable to consider it as �deutero-Pauline� - i.e., in the tradition of Paul but not written by him. The problem of Ephesians cannot be solved apart from that of Colossians, because many similarities are noted in the style

Biblical Literature, The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians

2004-12-27T07:40:00.000-08:00

Gonz�lez De Clavijo, Ruy

2004-12-26T20:24:00.000-08:00

A chamberlain to King Henry III of Castile, Gonz�lez was a member of Henry's second embassy to Timur. Departing from El Puerto de Santa Mar�a, near C�diz, on May 22, 1403, he sailed via Constantinople (now Istanbul) to the eastern

Viscaceae

2004-12-25T04:55:00.000-08:00

Members of the Viscaceae are primarily tropical in distribution and are parasites on the branches of many tree species.

Amicus Curiae

2004-12-24T17:50:00.000-08:00

An amicus curiae normally may not participate except by

Feng Tao

2004-12-23T23:30:00.000-08:00

Pinyin �Feng Dao � Chinese Confucian minister generally given credit for instigating the first printing of the Confucian Classics, in 932. As a result, Confucian texts became cheap and accessible, the number of scholars and the knowledge of literature greatly increased throughout the nation, and the number of people able to compete in the

Adamkus, Valdas V.

2004-12-22T22:40:00.000-08:00

In 1997 Valdas Adamkus retired from his post at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) after nearly 30 years--the longest tenure of any senior executive at the agency--with the expressed intention of working on his golf game. Soon afterward, however, it seemed that golf would have to wait, because in February 1998 the unassuming 71-year-old career bureaucrat, a citizen of the United

Arraiolos Rug

2004-12-21T07:50:00.000-08:00

Embroidered floor covering made at Arraiolos, north of �vora in Portugal. The technique is herringbone or cross-stitch on a linen cloth foundation. Early Arraiolos rugs utilized designs derived from the Persians, from whom the Portuguese learned the craft. Portuguese artisans soon replaced these Persian designs with Portuguese folk-art patterns in more limited

Annelid

2004-12-20T20:46:00.000-08:00

General overviews of annelids can be found in R. Phillips Dales, Annelids, 2nd ed. (1967), a semipopular account; D.T. Anderson, Embryology and Phylogeny in Annelids and Arthropods (1973); P.J. Mill (ed.), Physiology of Annelids (1978), a review; Robert D. Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 4th ed. (1980), ch. 10, �The Annelids,� pp. 263 - 341; R.O. Brinkhurst, �Evolution in the Annelida,� Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60(5):1043 - 59 (1982), a summary of current scholarship; Donald J. Klemm (ed.), A Guide to the Freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, Naidid and Tubificid Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea) of North America (1985), on ecology and taxonomy; and Vicki Pearse et al., Living Invertebrates (1987), ch. 16, �Annelid Body Plan,� and ch. 17, �A Diversity of Annelids,� pp. 387 - 437. For information on polychaetes, see Kristian Fauchald, The Polychaete Worms: Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families, and Genera (1977); Kristian Fauchald and P.A. Jumars, �The Diet of Worms: A Study of Polychaete Feeding Guilds,� Oceanography and Marine Biology, 17:193 - 284 (1979); and Albrecht Fischer and Hans-Dieter Pfannenstiel (eds.), Polychaete Reproduction: Progress in Comparative Reproductive Biology (1984), a collection of symposium papers. For oligochaetes, see R.O. Brinkhurst and B.G.M. Jamieson, Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World (1971); C.A. Edwards and J.R. Lofty, Biology of Earthworms, 2nd ed. (1977); and O. Giere and O. Pfannkuche, �Biology and Ecology of Marine Oligochaeta: A Review,� Oceanography and Marine Biology, 20:173 - 308 (1982). See also the proceedings of three international symposia on aquatic oligochaete biology: R.O. Brinkhurst and David G. Cook (eds.), Aquatic Oligochaete Biology (1980); G. Bonomi and C. Ers�us (eds.), Aquatic Oligochaeta (1984); and R.O. Brinkhurst and R.J. Diaz (eds.), Aquatic Oligochaeta (1987). For leeches, see Kenneth J. Muller, John G. Nicholls, and Gunther S. Stent (ed.), Neurobiology of the Leech (1981); and Roy T. Sawyer, Leech Biology and Behaviour, 3 vol. (1986), an extensive overview.

Ascus

2004-12-18T23:54:00.000-08:00

Plural �Asci, � a saclike structure produced by fungi of the class Ascomycetes (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed. Asci may arise from the fungal mycelium (the filaments, or hyphae, constituting the organism) without a distinct fruiting structure, as in the leaf curl fungi; it may arise within a fruiting structure (ascocarp)

Turkey Work

2004-12-17T17:09:00.000-08:00

Form of knotted embroidery practiced in England from the 16th century to the mid-18th century, but especially in the 17th century. Used for upholstery and table covers, it was worked in imitation of Turkish carpets, which are known from paintings to have been imported to England from the 16th century. The designs were usually of geometrically stylized flowers. A document from

Harding, Florence

2004-12-16T09:53:00.000-08:00

Before returning to Marion, Florence destroyed many of the papers that could have documented more fully her role in what many observers consider the worst presidency in the country's history. She had worked hard to make her husband a success, but the revelations associated with the Teapot Dome Scandal made his flaws very clear. One biographer concluded that she was a �full partner� in Warren's presidency. She died in 1924 and was buried beside her husband in a large mausoleum near the house where they were married.

China, The Ch'ing Empire

2004-12-15T17:22:00.000-08:00

After 1683 the Ch'ing rulers turned their attention to consolidating control over their frontiers. Taiwan became part of the empire, and military expeditions against perceived threats in north and west Asia created the largest empire China has ever known. From the late 17th to the early 18th century Ch'ing armies destroyed the Oyrat Empire based in Dzungaria and incorporated

Aubrey, John

2004-12-14T20:53:00.000-08:00

Antiquarian and writer, best known for his vivid, intimate, and sometimes acid biographical sketches of his contemporaries. Educated at Oxford at Trinity College, he studied law in London at the Middle Temple. He early displayed his interest in antiquities by calling attention to the prehistoric stones at Avebury,

Ara

2004-12-13T00:17:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Arrah� city, Bihar state, northeastern India. The city is a major rail and road junction. Agricultural trade and oilseed milling are carried on there. It is the site of several colleges affiliated with Magadh University. The Little House at Ara is a building that was defended by the British against Kunwar Singh during the Indian Mutiny in 1857. Ara was constituted a municipality

Sardanapalus

2004-12-12T01:42:00.000-08:00

According to the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, Sardanapalus was the last of a line of 30 kings of Assyria, who exceeded all his predecessors

Saptamatrka

2004-12-11T21:13:00.000-08:00

Representations of the goddesses are found in shrines throughout

Romanesque Art

2004-12-10T23:55:00.000-08:00

The name Romanesque